This article is intended to provide readers with a simple overview to wound care and a general understanding of related terms. I am a licensed Physical Therapist Assistant who spent time training in wound care as it relates to that specific healthcare discipline. Physical therapy’s role continues to expand when it comes to wound observation, treatment, and patient education. Much of this information will be valuable to “preppers” due to the assumed lack of easy access to medical care. It will hopefully give readers confidence in recognizing and treating certain common wound types and provide a better idea of what types of first aid dressings to purchase. Wounds improperly treated can be detrimental to one’s overall health – affecting all other systems within the body in addition to the first observed damage to the integumentary system.
Note: For this piece, burns will be considered separate from other wound types for clarity
of explanation.
The first thing to consider when observing the wound is the phase of healing. This will determine the most important steps to take. There are three overlapping phases. Immediately after a wound occurs, our bodies initiate the inflammatory phase, lasting roughly from day 1 to day 10. This stage is characterized by the five cardinal signs of inflammation (tumor/swelling, rubor/redness, calor/warmth, dolar/pain, and functio/loss of function). As these cardinal signs begin to subside, the body will enter the proliferative phase (from 3 to 21 days). Here, formation of new tissue, called granulation tissue, begins. Capillaries, or blood vessel endings, start to bud and fill the wound bed. They create a positive environment for the development of epithelial cells that will become the new epidermis, or outermost layer of skin. Finally, we have the maturation phase. This phase can last anywhere from 7 days after the injury to 2 years post-injury. The differentiation of cell types is observable through the formation of a scar, originally immature, raised, and red. Later, the scar will be distinguishable by a pale, flattened, pliable surface. A mature scar typically possess 75-80% of the strength seen in the original tissue. Keloid or hypertrophic scarring may also occur, meaning the skin remains raised due to excessive collagen lysis (formation).Continue reading“Basics of Wound Care – Part 1, by D.C.”