Odds ‘n Sods:

By way of SHTF Daily: Minneapolis bridge disaster draws attention to neglect of U.S. infrastructure

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David D. recommended this article on some medicinal uses of honey

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Hawaiian K. sent us this: The Incapacitating Flashlight–An LED flashlight makes culprits vomit. If police start to use these, I can predict lawsuits from epileptics.

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Thanks to SHTF Daily for posting this piece from Bloomberg: U.K.’s Subprime Crisis May Be Worse Than U.S.’s



Jim’s Quote of the Day:

"14 million people took a mortgage in the last three years. Seven million [of those] people took teaser rates or piggy-back rates. They will lose their homes, this is crazy!" – Jim Cramer



Note from JWR:






Today is the last day of the special $99.95 sale for my “Rawles Gets You Ready” preparedness course. The sale ends at midnight tonight, Pacific time. This is the first time that it has ever been sold for 1/3 off the regular price, and this may be the only time that it is ever sold at this sale price. The sale ends midnight tonight (August 8th), so place your order ASAP! (You can order on-line, or be sure to have your order letter postmarked with today’s date.)



Letter Re: Comments from a Like-Minded Virginia Prepper

Sir:
I found your blog about a month ago. I received a copy of your novel “Patriots” from Fred’s M14 Stocks and have probably read the thing about 20 times. It sits by the bed. I sometimes just pick it up, open and begin reading. Good stuff.

I am a former police officer (10 years) with sniper training, construction company owner( I have built everything except a church) CPA with many years public accounting and have military experience (like you in Military Intelligence. I was what is now known as a 98C [- Signals Intelligence Analyst]). I shoot a lot of IDPA both in local and state matches, am an IDPA safety officer and an NRA firearms instructor. My wife is a soon to be a Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) Federal retiree. She shoots also.

We have 58 acres in a rather remote area in the south side of Virginia. We plan on incorporating cisterns, gray water septic et cetera in the building of the house that we will start in about three months. The heating will be closed loop geothermal, radiant in the floors. We have a lot of experience in growing vegetable gardens (25 years to date). The wife knows how to can and otherwise preserve food. We generally keep enough on hand to see us through several months of problems. I would probably be better off relocating further to the northwest but moving is such a pain that this was as far as we want to go. We are about 200+ miles from [Washington] D.C.

I find your blog very informative and educational. Some of the weapon selection I agree with, some I don’t. That’s okay. I just wanted to say hi and thank you for your efforts. Keep up the good work. – rb



Three Letters Re: Providing Crucial Fats and Oils in Your Diet

Mr. Rawles:

Firstly, I must say I have found your site informative and have implemented many of the ideas/suggestions listed on it.
Regarding the most recent post regarding crucial fats in the diet, I must say it was informative but I felt it left out a very viable source of animal fat: The Groundhog. While it may be a rodent, it only eats plants and an occasional insect. The meat is good but greasy since groundhogs actually hibernate. This means later on in the year they will have stored up a large amount of fat which would be of very good value. This geographic region has bear and beaver but they require more effort to procure than the common, rapidly reproducing groundhog, which seems to be everywhere.
I respectfully request that this little tidbit of info finds its way onto your blog as the information available on the internet regarding the consumption of groundhog seems to be in short supply on the Internet. It seems everyone knows about the danger of eating nothing but rabbit, the benefits/fat content of bear and beaver tail, and next to nothing about groundhog. Best Regards, – Jon S.

 

Jim:
Thanks for posting the fat question. As to pressing the seeds for oils, wouldn’t it be better to keep them as seeds? I think that they would last longer and they can be planted. Also, shortenings like Crisco are not only not useful as fats to the body but outright harmful. They may count as caloric value but not in terms of necessary fats in the diet. – SF in Hawaii

Jim,
I read the letters about fats and oils and realized that I too haven’t thought about them in my plans! I refer you and my fellow Survivalblog.com readers to Captain Dave’s web site. A great site, with an extensive on-line reference manual for Food Storage (and a medical FAQ, too) This site is where I first learned of Joel Skousen, et cetera. and has been a favorite of mine for many years. The link below takes you to the fats and oils section of the food storage “book”. It says at one sub-page that a solid fat like Crisco can last 8-10 years if properly packaged, and if it has preservative anti-oxidants in it. Although, no matter how long you can store something from the supermarket, you will assuredly run out at some point, so home scale production would seem to be the best way to obtain a reliable, safe supply of essential fats and oils.

One other thing that may be helpful as well, for oil storage. According to OliveOilSource.com, olive oil suffers no ill effects when frozen. If a freezer is available and powered, it could easily store at least olive oil, if not others as well? On the linked page below, there’s a question toward the bottom about freezing pesto, and that’s where the folks that run the site say freezing the olive oil is okay.

I hope this helps my fellow readers! Thanks! – R. in New Hampshire



Letter Re: Ammunition Prices in the Future?

Sir:
I have pondered your recent posts about stocking up on ammo. I’ve decided to spend $6,000–the same that I spent last year on storage food, a wheat grinder, and heirloom gardening seeds–to buy some ammunition to squirrel away. That will pretty well tap out all of my available cash. I’ll mainly be buying mil surplus rifle ammo (.223, 7.62×39 and .308) plus some civilian pistol ammo–mostly .45 auto, for my two Glock 21s and my Glock 30. But I’m also taking your advice from a post earlier this year and buying 300 rounds of .40 S&W, even though I don’t own any guns in that caliber–because my local police department issues Glock Model 22s [chambered in 40S&W.] I think having that ammo may be great for bartering and as a way to ‘make friends and influence people”, once the Schumer Strikes the Oscillating Blades.

My question to you sir, is, where is all the reasonably-priced ammo hiding? My local gun shop charges near full-ticket retail, even when I ask about ordering me some case lots. Are there any places on the Internet you can recommend? Thanks to You and Best Regards, Ray in Southern Arizona.

JWR Replies: I’m glad to hear that you bought your storage food and seed first. I recommend: AIM Surplus, Cheaper Than Dirt, Dan’s Ammo, J&G Sales, Midway, Ammunitionstore.com, Natchez Shooter Supply, and The Sportsman’s Guide. If you plan to buy $6,000 worth, it is probably worthwhile for you to drive a 3/4 ton pickup truck up to Prescott, Arizona, to visit J&G Sales. With their inventory, they can probably supply 2/3s of your needs. They are in north-central Arizona. Paying for that gasoline will be far less expensive that paying for UPS shipping, and it will also help you keep a low profile. (Neighbors might get curious when they see 20+ large, very heavy boxes being unloaded from a UPS truck in front of a suburban house.)



Odds ‘n Sods:

HikerLT, DAV, and Mark B. all forwarded this gem (by way of the Drudge Report) from The Daily Telegraph: China threatens ‘nuclear option’ of dollar sales. Mark’s comment: “This is why trade deficits are a strategic and political liability! The American people have virtually put their economic future and well being in the hands of the Chi-coms!”

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Chris S. sent us a news story link that illustrates the signs of the times: Lead stolen from church roofs to ship to China

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I have updated my Links page with a new section on Survivalist Fiction web sites. Let me know if there are any other web sites–for novels, movies, and television series–that I should add. Thanks!

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The Western Rifle Shooters Association (WRSA) has a high power rifle shooting clinic and match scheduled for August 25-26 in Douglas, Wyoming. Don’t miss out on this opportunity to get high quality instruction at a very reasonable price! (A fraction of what you would pay for a two or three day course at a big “name” academy like Gunsite or Thunder Ranch.) OBTW, their first event, in Kooskia, Idaho, was from all accounts a great success.



Jim’s Quote of the Day:

"But if a man lives may years and rejoices in them all,

yet let him remember the days of darkness, for they will be many .

All that is coming is vanity." – Ecclesiastes 11-8 NKJV



Notes from JWR:

Don’t miss out on the special $99.95 sale for my “Rawles Gets You Ready” preparedness course. This is the first time that it has ever been sold for 1/3 off the regular price. The sale ends tomorrow, so place your order ASAP!

Today we present another article for Round 12 of the SurvivalBlog non-fiction writing contest. The writer of the best non-fiction article will win a valuable four day “gray” transferable Front Sight course certificate. (Worth up to $2,000!) Second prize is a copy of my “Rawles Gets You Ready” preparedness course, generously donated by Jake Stafford of Arbogast Publishing. I will again be sending out a few complimentary copies of my novel “Patriots” as “honorable mention” awards. Round 11 ends on July 31st. Remember that articles that relate practical “how to” skills for survival will have an advantage in the judging.



Survival for the Disabled, by Hegh

To survive one must be physically fit! This statement has been said and written over and over, time and again. To say that Survival is for this group of individuals exclusively has strong weight when it comes to a TEOTWAWKI scenario. How ever I would disagree with this assessment. Granted, total invalids could pose a problem but that is not the focus of this article. The focus is on those individuals who are disabled but can still function to some degree and contribute to a TEOTWAWKI scenario.
During the fall of the twin towers on September 11th there were 31 disabled employees working in the towers when they were struck by the jet planes. There was only one disabled survivor. This brave young lady and her friend took it upon themselves to no be a sheeple and risked their lives to get out of the building. Moments after they left the tower collapsed. The rest of the disabled employees died because they were told to wait by the stairwell and rescue workers would help them out. 30 lives were needlessly lost because they did what they were told to do.
In an ideal world, no one would be left behind but we do not live in an ideal world and all people no matter their background deserve a right to live and be productive members of society. A lot of disabled individuals have contributed to the world as we know it. Beethoven was deaf. Professor Hawking is wheelchair bound. Even President Roosevelt was disabled during most of World War II but saved this country from the nazi war machine. [JWR Adds: Some might argue that FDR‘s weakened condition led to disastrous results at the Yalta treaty negotiations.] So even if someone is disabled don’t count them out as a valuable asset.

On the practical side of survival let’s look at what can one do to contribute in a survival situation. To a disabled individual, every day is a challenge so one of the great factors that they have is the ability to improvise in everything they do (At least that is how I think.) Let me break it down to simple everyday tasks that people take for granted. Getting out of bed. Bending over to pick something up. Going to the bathroom. Sitting down or standing up. Climbing stairs or even getting up the curb. All of these scenarios don’t seem like a big deal to the average person because they don’t need to worry about these simple tasks in daily life. In my case all of these are daily challenges to overcome. In a pre-TEOTWAWKI world there is a lot of assistance to be had and laws that ensure that I can function in society with little or no assistance in certain areas. However there is a lot that does not apply because efficiency is not always geared towards the disabled. Going anywhere is an adventure. I go to a friend’s house to visit and he has a 4 or 5 step stoop with no railing. I do not have the strength to climb it without the railing. What do you do? Imagine trying to climb that stoop with 500 pounds on each leg with nothing to lean on to assist you. This presents a significant challenge would it not? How would you overcome this simple obstacle to visit your friend? If the stoop sticks out from the home and not running parallel to the wall there will be nothing to lean on to climb them. A standard cane is too short and one does not normally carry crutches around and the fact that the latter tend to hinder more than help when ascending stairs. A sturdy walking stick made from a shovel handle would be best in this situation. It is strong and be cut to the desired length for the user. Put a rubber cane or crutch stopper on the end and you have a multi-purpose walking stick. If applied right one can employ the walking stick as a portable railing. It can be used for defense. A walking stick can be used as a pry bar. It may also be used as an extension of you arm. Imagine sitting down on the toilet and the toilet paper is across the room on the sink counter. You have done your business and realize that you need the TP. Using the walking stick it is just long enough to reach the TP. If done right you would not need to get up to get the TP. There are several things that you can do with your walking stick that most people would not think of using it for. One can wrap a poncho around the walking stick and secure it with 550 Parachute-Cord. You now have a portable simple shelter in a compact package complete with a support spine all in one. Total cost for this was less than $5.00.
One more thing you can add would be a micro compass on the end. Drill out a small hole in the top of the shovel handle just big enough to fit the compass. Once done you can apply a silicone based glue (I prefer “GOOP “) and place the compass it the hole you just drilled. There are many things you can do to customize your walking stick to your needs. Your only limitation is your ingenuity.

Other aspects of Disabled survival can be put into one word “Improvise”. With this word there are several things that come to mind. Most of which revolve around making things easier with a minimal amount of effort to achieve the desired results. 90% of my survival planning is based on this concept. With limited strength and limited mobility, finding innovative ways to achieve my goals is a daily exercise in adapting normal items tailored to my specific needs.

One of the more embarrassing aspects of daily living is doing the simple task of going to the bathroom and wiping myself when I finish. A normal person has no issues with this unless they are paralyzed. I am not exactly pleased with the prospect of having someone wiping my behind. Not to mention the numerous jokes that are associated with it. In my case I have limited range of motion and it causes several problems. One of which is not having the ability to reach around and wipe. My Father had similar issues when he was alive but he did not live long enough for me to ask him how he overcame this little problem. You see his range of motion was even more limited than my own (I do stretching on a regular basis to keep what range of motion I do have.) I asked my mother about how my dad solved this and she was no help either.
This was an issue with immediate need. My attempts to solve this problem were futile at best for some time. As it became more and more difficult to reach around to clean up I was at my wits end. Then one day while tagging along with some friends at Wal-Mart it hit me like a ton of bricks. We just happened through the domestic supply isle. I was looking at the various implements used for cleaning and right there was a very simple tool that would solve all of my wiping problems. Hanging on the wall was a curved handled toilet brush. What caught my attention was the fact that it had a sponge on the end instead of the typical bristle brush. It was only 99 cents so I figured what the heck. It was a lot cheaper than the cost of a Birthday. That and there would be no need for water pressure or electricity to use. A simple solution to a very big problem. I have also found that Cottenel wipes are a must for my survival stocks, to use the brush. Take one Cottenel wipe and drape it over the end of the wiper making sure that the curved end of the handle is pointing up. Than just use it as an extension of your hand and finish your business.
Weight is another issue that I have to contend with. if there is anything more than 20 pounds that is needed to be moved and I am not any good. That is the limit of how much I can move and that is not very far. So this presents additional problems. The least of which is a Bug out Bag. If it is packed too light than there are essentials that are missed. If it is packed to heavy than It won’t bug out very far without help. I happened upon a nice little pack that solved my needs, made by Whirlwind. It has an extension handle and wheels I’m am currently modifying another walking stick to attach to the extension so that I can pull the backpack behind me when I am hobbling for short distances or attached to my electric scooter.

Speaking of scooters if you happen upon any Bruno brand scooters grab it they are no longer manufactured but they out last anything currently on the market. It turns out that the manufacturer stopped making them because they made them too well. Solid steel frame with an enclosed electric motor that does not get exposed to the elements like most standard motors. There are a lot of modifications one can do to this scooter that you would not be able to do to any of the other ones on the market. One other side note the Bruno battery cases are perfect for marine [deep cycle lead acid] batteries. You can swap out the chemical gel [“gel cell”] batteries with marine batteries in a pinch. The manufacturer does not recommend this. I waited until after my 10 year warranty expired before I did this. I was in the market for a new scooter by this time anyway but as long as mine was still kicking I’m going to use it until it finally dies. The reason I feel that the manufacturer did not want you to swap out the batteries is due to the cost. After extensive research on the types of batteries on the market and after reading several articles on SurvivalBlog about alternative power and battery banks I notice that with the exception of the ratings and output of any given battery it does not really matter what type is used as long as the output matches the recommended wattage usage of the device they are attached to. With the cost of the specialty batteries that the scooter manufacturer says you need I was rather irritated. The chemical gel batteries run about $180 each and I need two batteries for my scooter. That’s $360.for replacement batteries. I don’t like them because they are way over-priced and wear out much too fast. After the third set I looked into an alternative. That is when I read about Marine batteries. A good marine battery can be had for less that $50 and perform just as well as the fancy chemical batteries. I can even find them on sale for less depending on the time of the year I am looking. My scooter can go 25 miles on a full charge with an average top speed of 4.5 miles per hour. It is rated for a 350 pound carry capacity. I can carry 200 pounds of gear and supplies without any problem. Add to this a small trailer and the possibilities are endless. It may be low profile but it can go over most terrain without any problems. I have been able to take it up a 45 degree grade hill without any trouble except I had to lean forward to the front to prevent it from coming up and flipping me backwards.

Hope this helps anyone out there who may find that they may need to depend on a walking stick now or in the future. I will be typing follow up articles on additional items and skills to help those who are disabled and are survival-minded.



Letter Re: Geo Metro 3-Cylinder Gas/Propane Engines for Retreat Generators?

James,

Farmer John asked for some input on his Chevy Sprint engine project.
I had a Sprint years ago, along with several other very-small engine autos – including a 1969 Subaru 360, Fiat with an 850 cc engine, a two-stroke-cycle DKW, and even a car with a 650 c.c. Royal Enfield motorcycle engine. The Subaru had a two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine with 25 horse. On an absolute flat highway at 55 MPH and no wind, it could get 65 MPG. My Sprint could get close to 50 MPG on a flat highway, and dropped to the high 30s on highway with steep inclines. They all relied on a formula of small engines, very light weight, and light engine-loads for good fuel economy. That is not what happens when you use such an engine for medium or high load PTO work, e.g. running a electric generator. The auto industry and./or EPA uses a measure of “miles per gallon” to reflect overall fuel efficiency capabilities of a car or truck that depend on many factors that go well beyond the engine itself. The industrial/agricultural industry uses a different measure for efficiency since the issue at hand is the engine’s ability to provided sustained medium or hard usage at a certain fuel-use rate. This figure is usually given in “horsepower hours per gallon”. These two ratings have little relationship with one another. A car engine with good fuel mileage is usually not a good candidate for hard steady use – particularly because of a short stroke to large bore ratio, compression ratio, valve lift, duration, and timing designed for highway use, et cetera. A lot of experimentation and testing has been done over the years to register fuel consumption with engines being worked via the Nebraska Testing Institute. These include engines running on kerosene, diesel, gasoline, distillate, tractor fuel, and LP (propane). One of the highest efficiency engines run on gasoline was an Allis Chalmers 33 horsepower engine – year 1962 – that provided an efficiency rating of 13 horsepower hours per gallon of gasoline. For reference, the worst gas engine tested at only 3 horsepower hours per gallon.
One of the best diesels is a John Deere tractor – actually built by Yanmar in Japan and it yielded a rating of 18.6 horsepower hours per gallon at 62 horsepower.
With engines run hard on propane – they are relatively poor performers. The best on record with Nebraska Tests is Case tractor that is rated a 9.9 horsepower hours per gallon at 71 horsepower. Propane has less energy per gallon than gasoline or diesel – there is no getting around that.
In brief – engines being worked hard tested as such in Horsepower Hours per Gallon:
Diesel – 9.2 low to 18.6 high.
Gasoline – 3.3 low to 13.1 high
Distillate – 6.7 low to 12.4 high
Kerosene – 4.8 low to 11.3 high
LP – Propane – 7.2 low to 9.9 high
Taking a look a modern cars and trucks today – they still are not much more efficient that the same built 40 years ago, when worked hard. Take a 2007 Chevy 3/4[-ton] truck with a gas engine and pull a heavy trailer, and it will do little better than a 1960s Chevy truck doing the same. However, the newer truck will do much better when driven at a light load.
One example: I recently used a 2007 Chevy truck with a 5.3 liter engine to pull a 5,000 lb. trailer and got an average of 9.2 MPG. Did the same with my 1967 Chevy truck with a 5.7 liter engine and got 9.5 MPG. Not much difference. – John in New York



Odds ‘n Sods:

SurvivalBlog reader Chuck accurately notes that Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke is in a predicament. At this juncture the Fed can neither raise nor lower interest rates without powerful macro level repercussions. Chuck mentioned that Mad Money host Jim Cramer made a passionate plea to Ben Bernanke to consider cutting interest rates that would in turn help the market and the people who are losing their jobs on Wall Street. More liquidity via lower interest rates might mean a brief respite for the battered US residential real estate market as well as the equities markets. But if Mr. Bernanke lowers rates then he will crack the critical support level for the US Dollar Index, which appears sacred at 80. And if the Fed raises rates, it will put Wall Street into a tail spin and possibly plunge the economy into depression. Hmmm… Quite a predicament. OBTW, SurvivalBlog reader “Boosters” mentioned that Fred at iTulip has already created an interesting annotated edit of the Cramer segment.

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First Armed Robots on Patrol in Iraq.

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More on Zimbabwe: IMF Issues 100,000% inflation alert. Regular contributor SF in Hawaii also mentioned this “must read” letter from Cathy Buckle that recently ran at the Rense.com web site: Zimbabwe – Crawling Under Razor Wire To Leave. SF’s comment: “[This] could have been good survival fiction. Too bad that its real” JWR’s comment: “Gee, weren’t we just talking about essential fats and oils?”

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I have added the new USPS “Forever” Liberty Bell postage stamps as a payment option for 10 Cent Challenge subscription payments, consulting fees, and for items purchased from my Mail Order Catalog.



Jim’s Quote of the Day:

“Half an hour. [Pack just] one bag, plus the guns. I’ll make pancakes.”
In the next scene:
“Every family has rules, and we had ours: Keep your head down. Keep yours eyes up. Resist the urge to be seen as important or special. Know your exits.” – Lena Headey as Sarah Connor, The Sarah Connor Chronicles (Pilot episode screenplay by Josh Friedman.)



Note from JWR:

The publisher’s special $99.95 sale for my “Rawles Gets You Ready” preparedness course ends in just two days. This is the first time that it has ever been sold for 1/3 off the regular price. I’m not sure if and when the sale will ever be repeated, so get you orders in soon! If ordering by mail, be sure to have your letter postmarked no later than Wednesday, August 8th.



Letter Re: Advice on Generators?

JWR:
A few comments in regard to fuel choices, in response to what is posted on your web site. There is mention of the legal difficulty of getting a 1,000 gallon tank of diesel installed at a homesite. I guess I have to ask, what is the difficulty? I’ve lived in several rural areas in the northeast, and it’s never been a problem here. Where I live now in central New York state, anybody
can have up to 1,000 gallons per tax-map parcel without any interference, permits, etc. Many homes in my area have dual 275 or 500 tanks inside the house, down the basement, out of sight. I have five tanks – but since my farm is composed of eight separate deeded parcels – all contiguous but still with distinct tax-map numbers – I can easily install more tanks with zero permits or legal issues.
I also have two diesel pickup trucks with 100 gallon capacity each – which gives me more storage.

There is nothing wrong with liking or preferring liquid propane (LP) gas – however – in many ways it is inferior to other fuels. Getting a large quantity of LP gas in my area is more difficult than for diesel. I own two 1,000 gallon LP tanks. I bought them myself since no local gas company would install one of their own – since I do not use enough gas to satisfy them. And, even after buying the tanks, nobody was willing to fill them without an inspected gas line and regulator system, along with a county permit. All that is not exactly what I call “easy.”
When it comes to using LP for electric generators – the big advantage is when it is used for gensets that spend most of their lives sitting around in “stand-by” mode. This is very common since many consumers buy such generators for emergency situations that rarely occur. On the other hand, if someone intends to use their generator – LP can be a waste of energy and money. Heating oil/diesel fuel has about 130,000 BTUs per gallon. Gasoline about 114,000 per gallon. LP has only 84,000 BTUs per gallon. Now – take prices. I just bought 1,000 gallons of dyed farm diesel/heating oil for $2.30 per gallon. I bought LP last month for $1.99 per gallon. So at present prices, for dyed diesel, that is 5,652,174 BTUs of energy. Meanwhile, the same number of dollars spent on propane yields just 4,236,181 BTUs.
Besides the better bargain in BTUs per dollar, a diesel engine will run more efficiently than an engine run on propane. Take one example with a typical modern 12,000 watt generator. A typical propane powered unit will run 36 hours at full load on 100 gallons of LP – costing approximately $199 ($1.99 per gallon). A same size diesel genset will run 36 hours at full load on 40 gallons of fuel costing approximately $92 ($2.30 per gallon). I’m no math wiz, but that seems to be twice as efficient, overall. The same [multi-fuel] unit – when run on gasoline at full load with run 59 hours on 100 gallons of gas costing approximately $290 ($2.90 per gallon).

Obviously, all the fuels have their advantages and disadvantages. But, if planning for a crisis and trying to maximize on short supplies – I can’t figure where LP makes any sense on a long term basis – except for this: Many small gensets sold for LP use are tri-fuel – i.e., they will run on natural gas, LP vapor, or gasoline. It is possible to further convert such a unit to run on wood smoke – if needed – which you cannot do with a diesel. On the other hand, you can run a diesel on many types of plant matter extracts, vegetable oils [both virgin and waste], waste motor oils, et cetera. – John from central New York

JWR Adds: There is one other important factor to be considered: The service life of low-RPM diesels versus other genset engines, which generally run at higher RPM. If a diesel engines lasts three times as long, with all other factors being equal, its derived lifetime cost per hour of lighting is substantially less than with higher-RPM gensets that use other fuels. Aside from installations in Arctic climates (where diesel fuel gelling can be a problem), diesel gets my vote!