There is No Magic Wand, by Grace H.

Some of the very earliest memories I have of wanting to be a good prepper come from stories about my Scottish grandmother.  They lived in Sunderland, England, during both World Wars, had eight living children, were poor as church mice, and fed anyone who was in need because of the bombing raids.  Apparently, her theory was to add more water to the soup pot and another cup of barley.  My Dad told me that she said that the sign of a good housewife is a well-stocked pantry, ready for all emergencies.  

As a child I read First Aid manuals for fun.  During my avid reading I stumbled across Robinson Crusoe and The Swiss Family Robinson. Even in such great books and movies like Cold Mountain and Cast Away and Cold Mountain and in the recent television shows like Lost and Jericho, there was always an almost magical way of escape:  a box washed up on the shore, a stash no one had discovered, bullets, food, skills, all just appeared out of thin air.  But … I am a realist, or at least try to be.  What if our lives as we now live them suddenly end (just think tsunami or tornadoes this year), and we can never return to the way things used to be?   In real emergencies, there is no magic wand, no National Guard to rescue us off the beach, no divine drop of supplies from the skies complete with chocolate, and no game we can play with rewards for winning.  That’s just not how real life works.  

I’ve developed the habit of asking:  “If XYZ happens and I am used to using ABC, what will I use when that needs replacing.”  Many are starting to think about batteries and such.  But, there are so many other areas that require thought.   This week after much difficulty, I purchased surplus military rectal thermometers.  Why?  All my new thermometers in the medicine cabinet require batteries that are now dead.  How can I take anyone’s temperature if they are ill and there is no operational thermometer?  And, just where do I find those little batteries?  Old-fashioned thermometers work well and last forever if cared for properly.  However, be prepared for a surprise – they are getting very hard to find.  

Okay, I’ve got a gas stove, a convertible grill, a gasoline camp stove, a butane cook stove, and propane.  What happens if I can’t obtain gas, kerosene, butane, etc.?  I know how to cook over an open campfire and how to make a “stove” outside which will burn whatever I have on hand for fuel.  I’ve even made a stove out of a big tin can using paper and twigs for fuel.  Great for the summer, but what if it’s raining?   We have gasoline lanterns, butane lanterns and candles running out of the ears.  Flashlights are in every room on every corner with batteries by the bucket.  No gas, no butane?  I can make candles and learned how to make a lamp using any kind of fuel from kerosene to olive oil to bacon grease.   

I make my own clothing, but what happens if a belt breaks on the machine?  Do I have a replacement?  Do I have a proper stash of fabric?  Do I have all the thread and supplies that I will need?  What about all that yarn I’m always using?  My grandmother unraveled old wool sweaters and re-knit them.  The newer yarns tend to mat and will probably not unravel well.  Sure I can go out and purchase a stash of underwear, socks, etc., but what happens when they wear out, or are lost, stolen, or destroyed?   How about your car, truck, tractor, or whatever?  Do you have all the oil, belts, hoses, lubes and antifreeze you will need for the next XX years?  Better yet, do you have a simple vehicle, which will allow you to maintain it, … and, do you have the tools necessary to repair it.  Are you prepared to make simple parts or have a friend who can make simple parts?   What happens if there is no electricity?  Your MIG or TIG welder, as nice as it is, will make a very large paperweight.  Using a diesel welder?  Do you have a supply of fuel?  Got welding [gasses] tanks?  Good!  But when they run out, you’d better know how to do crude forge welding the old fashioned way.  

Can you make a meal without your mix master?  Think about a good manual egg beater (they are surprisingly expensive), stainless steel whisks and wooden spoons.  Forget your food processor.  Get a mandolin slicer, a shredder, and several really good knives, which take up a great deal less space.  

You’ve got your Big Berkey.  Good!  Now, how much water will you need every day to just do the ordinary things like hand washing, tooth brushing, food preparation, cooking, bathing, flushing toilets?  Don’t know?  You will be surprised.  After a week of frozen pipes one winter, we found that for a family of four we needed a minimum of 15 gallons per day – and that was without proper baths or washing clothes.  Where will you get your water?  Yes, we have two storage barrels, etc., but they would empty very quickly if drained of 15 gallons per day.  Where is the closest water supply and how will I get it home?  Water is very heavy (8.345 pounds per gallon).  How many gallons can I carry?  Do I have something in which to transport – preferably something with wheels?   We’ve got two lawnmowers:  one which is a simple, old gas-driven one and the other is a push mower.  The trick with a push mower is to keep it adjusted and sharpened.  Do you know how adjust and sharpen, and do you have the tools?  Remember, shovels, hoes, knives and other tools also need sharpening from time to time.  

My Mom always saved her mayonnaise jars for canning and never had a problem.  Don’t do it!  The new jars are very thin, and the bottoms of the jars will shear off when they hit the boiling water.  Don’t ask how I know this or how many peaches were lost.  Do save your smaller jars with standard mouths for jams and jellies or for storage of other goods such as herbs, dehydrated foodstuffs.  Save depleting your good canning lids by using paraffin on preserves.  The paraffin wax can be saved and reused year after year.  The canning lids (unless you buy the new lifetime ones) are one-time-only.  How will you replace them when you run out?   Simple hygiene may become an acute problem.  What happens when the soap, shampoo, deodorant run out?  Do you know the substitutes for toothpaste?  What about those bulky storage items:  sanitary napkins and toilet paper?  Well, perhaps it’s time to make some out of old sheets, tee shirts, diapers, flannel, etc.  They can be soaked, boiled in vinegar water and reused for years.  As for toilet paper, I do prefer Charmin, but the outhouse on the farm came equipped with a Sears catalog.  The secret is taking a sheet and scrubbing it between your hands until it’s very soft.  Works well.  When the catalog is gone, then what?   And, how can I contain and dispose of all the waste we humans generate?  Just think what happened in the stadium in New Orleans after Katrina or garbage strikes in Toronto in 2009!  Help finally came, but reality says it probably will not come if SHTF as predicted.   Most folks today are tied to some sort of computer.  There are computers in everything!  What happens if everything electronic stops?  Cell phones – gone.  Computers – gone.  MapQuest – gone.  E-books – gone.  Then, what will we do?   If you do not have a library of real books on everything imaginable, the information will not be accessible to you.  If you do not have a hoard of quality maps, you will be trying to travel by Braille.   

And, if something disastrous happens, it will happen pretty much without warning.  You may not have time to “bug out”.  Your transportation could well be Shank’s Mare or a bike.  We’ve got an old VW Beetle – no electronics, great mileage, easy to maintain – which will be good almost anywhere we end up.  Are you prepared to stay where you are?  If not, get gone now because there is a very good chance you will be stuck where you are.  My niece was told to evacuate in front of a hurricane in South Carolina; they were stuck in an enormous traffic jam for hours and saw many just stuck because they were out of gas.  Don’t plan on leaving town with everyone else.   If we become lax, Proverbs 24:33-34 will rule:  “I applied my heart to what I observed and learned a lesson from what I saw:  A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest – and poverty (disaster) will come on you like a thief and scarcity like an armed man.”  

I could go on forever, but this is just to get you thinking in other areas.  If you need something on a regular basis, how will you supply it?  How will you replace it?  Begin to think about substitutes and then substitutes for the substitutes.  Remember, there is no hidden stash.  You may be totally on your own.  Take classes, read books, watch instructional videos.  Learning how to do things is just so much fun.  Then, use those “new” skills and tools regularly so they become part of the routine of your life.  Teach them to your children and grandchildren and anyone else who will listen.  Your efforts will not be wasted.  

Food for Thought:  Proverbs 6:6-8 “Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise!  It has no commander, no overseer or ruler, yet it stores its provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest.” Luke:  14:28-32 “Suppose one of you wants to build a tower. Won’t you first sit down and estimate the cost to see if you have enough money to complete it? For if you lay the foundation and are not able to finish it, everyone who sees it will ridicule you, saying, ‘This person began to build and wasn’t able to finish.’  Or suppose a king is about to go to war against another king. Won’t he first sit down and consider whether he is able with ten thousand men to oppose the one coming against him with twenty thousand?  If he is not able, he will send a delegation while the other is still a long way off and will ask for terms of peace.”



Letter Re: Grow Your Own Sourdough Starter

Hello,
Sourdough is indeed not only a solution to not having yeast to make bread, it is superior. I would like to offer some help to get started in this quickly. For me the learning curve was steep, but now I can easily make sourdough from scratch, with no mail order starter. Obviously if there comes a time when you can not mail order starter, such a skill could serve you well.

First, the idea that yeasts are floating around in the air, and form the foundation for fermenting sourdough is an old wives tale. Natural yeasts and probiotics occur on plants naturally as they grow, and the less modern synthetic farming or gardening done to your wheat, herbs/vegetables, or fruits the better for your fermentation, as well as your gut. Probiotics are very important for health. In an extreme case, if your intestinal flora dies, you die. The floating yeast being the way sourdough gets started myth is the reason you are told to put a cloth over the would-be starter. The idea is the keep dirt out, but let yeast in. I never do this. In fact, I make my starter in sealed canning jars. It works great.

I would like to put this in a larger context. Preparing for bad health is a bad idea. When you compromise, and store white rice, or other bulk death, you are skewing the calorie to life-giving-nutrition ratio strongly unfavorably against your family and yourself. I have heard many excuses for doing such madness as making half “white”/ whole wheat bread. If you take this to an extreme you could just store white sugar only for calories alone. As far as making bread, it is not easier to add white flour to the plan to somehow make things easier. It is ignorant and simply inaccurate. Also without going into depth consider the fact that so many people have “gluten intolerance”. This is because, again, people alter the natural ratio of wheat parts. Adding gluten is standard “industry” procedure. People get far too much gluten, and thus get messed up. Gluten is like glue. If you ignore this, and keep eating gluten white bread with all the other odd chemical additives, or such like, you are going to end up with digestive problems.

Sourdough is the ancient, natural, biblical way to make bread. It would be best to grind your own grain eventually if you can not do this yet. Making sourdough bread makes the bread more nutritious and bio-available, and gets rid of enzyme binding phytates. You basically cannot buy this bread in stores. Sourdough makes more nutrition available to your body.

“Parts of a sourdough are used as storage leaven for new sourdoughs.”

The Food Encyclopedia notes: “The culture is continually fed to increase its volume and leavening strength until there is enough starter (levain) to leaven a batch of dough with enough left over to perpetuate the culture.”

I’ll include some quotes from the Bible:

“And the people took their dough before it was leavened…” – Exodus 12:34

“… and bread which strengtheneth man’s heart.”Psalm 104:15

When man makes white flour out of the whole grain, they are throwing away precious gifts from God. They discard the germ and bran, which are loaded with nutrition. As the Bible says, bread strengthens man’s heart. However, not after man perverts the flour. In the modern industrial age when white flour started to be used on a wide scale, heart attacks increased rapidly. After studying the problem a few poor vitamin supplements were added back to white flour, by law. However this only helped a very little. We need the food ecology of God our creator.

“Another parable spake he unto them; The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven, which a woman took, and hid in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened.” – Matthew 13:33

“Give us day by day our daily bread.” – Luke 11:3

Regards, – Dash



Economics and Investing:

I found this article linked at The Drudge Report: Food Prices Rise to Near-Record as Inflation Accelerates

John R. recommended a piece by Martin A. Armstrong: The Next Wave

B.B. sent this: Mexican Central Bank Quietly Buys 100 Tons of Gold

Jim Rogers: Oil Price Will Keep Rising; Silver to Fall

Debt-Ceiling Brinksmanship: Treasury Will Hit Legal Limit When It Borrows $13.86 Billion More

Items from The Economatrix:

Any Chance of Gold Confiscation?

Precious Metals vs. The USD

10 States Where Pensions are Running Out of Money

US Dollar Crash Warned May Be Underway

Fresh US Dollar Slide Rekindles Pre-Crisis Angst



Odds ‘n Sods:

Readers in Canada will find this of interest: Pulling The Trigger on C-68. (Thanks to Richard S. for the tip.)

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I just bought another scope from EuroOptic.com. Twice now, they’ve really impressed me with their customer service. They sell a wide range of scopes and some long range rifles. I recommend them.

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F.G. spotted a piece by one of my favorite libertarian commentators, Vin Suprynowicz: An alien in my own land.

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W.W. sent a link to a video that I missed when it was first released: Obama Birth Certificate Faked In Adobe Illustrator – Official Proof 1 ( Layers )

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Jonathan S. send a news story about Big Brother flexing his muscles: Feds Demand Firefox Remove Add-On That Redirects Seized Domains. Speaking of such things, please make note of our IP address. (Please save it, as a backup, in your web browser’s “Favorites” or “Bookmarks”. )



Jim’s Quote of the Day:

“[Let your] conversation [be] without covetousness; [and be] content with such things as ye have: for he hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee.

So that we may boldly say, The Lord [is] my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me.” – Hebrews 13:5-6 (KJV)



Note from JWR:

Today we present another two entries for Round 34 of the SurvivalBlog non-fiction writing contest. The prizes for this round include:

First Prize: A.) A course certificate from onPoint Tactical. This certificate will be for the prize winner’s choice of three-day civilian courses. (Excluding those restricted for military or government teams.) Three day onPoint courses normally cost $795, and B.) Two cases of Alpine Aire freeze dried assorted entrees in #10 cans, courtesy of Ready Made Resources. (A $400 value.) C.) A 9-Tray Excalibur Food Dehydrator from Safecastle.com (a $275 value), D.) A $250 gift certificate from Sunflower Ammo , and E.) An M17 medical kit from JRH Enterprises (a $179.95 value).

Second Prize: A.) A Glock form factor SIRT laser training pistol. It is a $439 value courtesy of Next Level Training. B.) A “grab bag” of preparedness gear and books from Jim’s Amazing Secret Bunker of Redundant Redundancy (JASBORR) with a retail value of at least $300, C.) A $250 gift card from Emergency Essentials, and D.) two cases of Meals, Ready to Eat (MREs), courtesy of CampingSurvival.com (a $180 value).

Third Prize: A.) A Royal Berkey water filter, courtesy of Directive 21. (This filter system is a $275 value.) , and B.) Expanded sets of both washable feminine pads and liners, donated by Naturally Cozy. This is a $185 retail value.

Round 34 ends on May 31st, so get busy writing and e-mail us your entry. Remember that articles that relate practical “how to” skills for survival have an advantage in the judging.



How to Winnow, De-Hull, and Clean Your Own Home-Grown Grains, by Notutopia

I thought I’d share some of the options available on de-hulling grain, for others, who are embarking on raising their own plot or field of grains and then plan to long term store their harvests. This information is also relevant to processing many varieties of grains, seeds and hulled legumes.

Processing Overview There are several separate steps to the processing of grains to get them ready for storage, if, they are to be utilized for human consumption and not just for replanting as field seed.

These steps include:  Harvesting or cutting the grain stalks, upright stacking the cut stalks and tying them in drying bundles and allowing them to field dry for several weeks, then de-heading the grain from the stalks by threshing, then winnowing the grain from the chaff, de-hulling the grain, and winnowing or cleaning  again to rid away the hulls, and then, storing the grain.

If you wish to read more on growing and harvesting your own grains, I recommend the book Small-Scale Grain Raising by Gene Logsdon. It is a “must have” book for inclusion in your prep library, if you intend to grow your own grains.

Our wheat is now successfully dried and cut from the shaft. So next in the processing, I will be de-hulling and cleaning close to a half ton of wheat for our larder. This will be my prepping project for the next couple of weeks. The final goal will be to have it stored away for long term later use in either, 5 gallon buckets or, 55 gallon barrels with tight fitting gasketed lids. 

Manual Threshing Method

Of course, this is the most simple method, in terms of the least expensive materials required to get the small yield job done. It will require some meticulous arm, shoulder and back muscle repetition exercise however, in order to obtain a clean end product. In using this simple threshing method, you merely require a bat or stick to beat the dried grain heads off the shaft, over a tarp or flat bed sheet. Next you will bucketing the grain spilled onto the tarp, and winnowing it numerous times. This is done by slowly pouring the grain  from one bucket into another below it, from the height of about one foot, while the wind carries off the hull and chaff. If there is no wind, you can use a fan to assist the chaff to fly from the seed. This method is effective, only if you winnow the grain 6 to 10 times to remove the chaff. It is recommended only for processing a very small plot of grown grain, unless you have a lot of assistance from others available.

Other Manual De-hulling Methods: Grain and Rice De-huller Attachment for a manual Corona Mill Corona Grain Mill De-huller Instructions, at the Southern Exposure web site.

The instructions on how to make the de-hulling disc to optionally turn your Corona Manual mill into a de-hulling device are available as a free PDF, courtesy of SavingOurSeeds.org.

Seed Cleaner/Separator Method

Another solution to de-hulling, which is my favorite method, is the use of a seed cleaner/separator. Just some mere sixty years ago, these were found on many farms which produced small to medium fields of peas, oats, wheat, beans, soy, barley, corn, and other grain seeds.  These small farm use cleaners came in many models from many makers, in different sizes and configurations, could be manually operated by man or animal, or electrically motorized, and some could be attached to the farm tractor via the secondary, side PTO with the use of a pulley and leather belt.  Here is a demonstration video of a horse powered treadmill powering the seed separator. They are processing oats.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHstGIgBu7U&feature=related

Several years ago, I searched for many months to find a cleaning fanning mill in pristine condition, with all the variable size accessory screen trays I would need for our small farm crop grain and legume yields. The unit, also called a “fanning mill”,  basically consists of several stacked vibrating trays, starting with the largest mesh screen at the top, to the smallest mesh required for the cleaned grain to shake the finished product down to an eventual “clean” bin. Each screen mesh size allows the seed to fall from one tray down into the next, and each removes any chaff off to the side or back into a “dump” bin. I finally found a 100 year old Clipper, it’s a beauty of a seed cleaner. It was some 400 miles away, offered for sale on an online farm auction. I purchased it online and made that journey to procure it as soon as I could!  It is an absolute joy to use while it is powered with my small diesel tractor! Note: I always wear hearing protection and a light face mask when I’m working with any grain chaff.

Here is one similar to it, in action with an electric motor.     

And, here is another showing a more modern industrialized unit in use for processing tons of grain.

Also, here’s another suggestion for de-hulling Buckwheat:

How to De-hull Buckwheat Using the Country Living Mill  by Tom Kast. [This report on de-hulling buckwheat was prepared by Tom Kast, who was kind enough to share the information and asked to disseminate it for the benefit of others]:

Step 1 – Get round-hole test screens from a seed testing house such as Seedburo.com. The screens are measured in 64ths of an inch. Purchase the 9, 10 and 11 64th’s screens. They are 15″ square perforated pieces of metal. If you pay a bit extra they come with frames, or if you want to save a few dollars you can build the frames yourself.

Step 2 – Size your buckwheat. In my experience most kernels were larger than the largest 11 64th holes, but the value in putting the kernels through this largest screen is that all the tiny kernels fell through and could be discarded (because there were not enough to work with); otherwise, they would mix into the final result and be surprises that are very hard on your teeth.

Step 3 – Take the County Living Grain Mill and set it to a very wide aperture. Take a test handful of the same-sized buckwheat kernels and run them through the mill. Check your results. The results should be (A) All the kernels have been opened or (B) There has been little or no grinding of the black hulls which would result in “hull flour”, (C) – The buckwheat is as large as you would like it (for example, Russian kasha calls for whole, de-hulled kernels where as buckwheat flour can be as fine as you like).

Gradually decrease the aperture of the Country Living Grain Mill until all the kernels have been opened and before the black hulls begin grinding. If the hulls start grinding then widen the aperture a bit. Once you have the result you like, keep the setting on the mil and put all your buckwheat through the mill.

Step 4 – Take the loose hulls and buckwheat and sift them through the medium-sized test screen (10 64th’s). Shake the hulls and buckwheat over a cookie sheet. This will extract 90% of the hulls which you can save to make a Japanese soba pillow. Then take the cookie sheet outside and blow lightly over the pan, shaking it slightly. This will blow off most of the remaining hulls. That’s it, you’re done. Use the buckwheat flour in your favorite recipe.

Storage

Long term grain storage is best accomplished using heavy duty, food grade, drum liner bags, lined inside the containers, with the additional use of any of the following grain stabilizers which all displace oxygen from the storage container: oxygen absorbers, nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas infusion, dry ice. Alternatively we use #10 cans.

Let’s face it, if you’ve grown your own, you’ve done a great deal of hard work to get the grain to the storage stage for your long term keeping and use, so don’t take any short cuts on the storage component of the processing.

The de-hulled and cleaned grain must be stored below temps of 75 degree F, in a cool, dry environment, preferably in an enclosed space away from vermin and varmints, up off the ground, off the concrete slab,  and preferably up on pallets. All of this preparation in considering a storage site is crucial to discourage mold forming moisture developing, and to ensure a flow of air circulation to prevent rancidity and slow the degradation process of the grain. If properly stored, wheat will store well for many years.

As a closing reminder, do not forget to purchase a quality, reliable grain mill. Carefully, consider the types of grains and legumes you will grinding and the amounts you will need to grind before you make this important purchase.

For our household’s use, based on feeding 6 to 10 people, three meals a day, which would consist of the need for grinding corn, wheat, oats, rice, beans, and rye, we chose a Country Living Grain Mill with two sets of backup parts for any unexpected or required repairs. For redundancy, we also have and use a C.S. Bell mill grinder for cracking corn and grinding bone meal. For our animal feed, we use a Hammer Mill which chops up all the shafts and stalks to be used for livestock forage feed. 



The Unrealistic Mentality of the Modern Survivalist, by Bryan R.

I am guilty of falling into the “Wolverines!” mindset from time-to-time, that being the image of going toe-to-toe with the insidious foreign invasion force and setting up ambushes to destroy the evil occupiers or perhaps having to confront droves of hostiles, be they urban gang-bangers, local looters, or some other such group of less than savory individuals. The modern survivalist seems to be rather obsessed with the idea of a total collapse of all centralized authority to the point where society is little better than Somalia, although historical precedent doesn’t give much credibility to this theory. The idea of a “total collapse” has been covered to the point of ad nauseam but what of the idea of a “partial” or “limited” collapse? If you have prepared for a total collapse and your entire mindset, mentality, and preparations are focused on that, what if the collapse is less than total? What if instead of a nuclear war there is simply an increase in violent crime by 500 percent or even 1,000 percent due to a serious weakening of government power and authority, short of a total collapse of central authority. Are you prepared to live in an America that is incredibly more dangerous than it presently is but where you don’t have a green-light to don the tactical armor and take out your battle rifle to clean the streets?

There’s an essay, well-known in survivalist circles, titled Thoughts on Urban Survival. It was written by an Argentinean who detailed his experiences during the 1990s situation in Argentina and he makes it clear that there are many other sort of “collapses” that are possible, such as the partial collapse. This Argentinean had to survive in a major urban area with a massively depressed economy, issues of hyper-inflation, etc, in an area prone to danger and violence. He reported that simply avoiding being kidnapped, robbed, mugged, carjacked, or killed, on a daily basis, became something of a chore and was seen as an accomplishment. There were no armed gangs (with machine gun armed “technicals”) cruising around the city openly looting stores and besieging foreign embassies. Instead there was a massive increase in street level crime against ordinary individuals, which much of the crime being perpetrated by seemingly ordinary individuals who had previously held respectable jobs.

He reported that those who were in the city were in a pretty bad way, but almost as worse, if not more so in some ways, were those who were 30-40 miles outside the city in remote/isolated country homes, as organized criminal gangs numbering anywhere from 5-20+ thugs/criminals would drive out of the cities, go into these isolated areas, case the most isolated and inviting target, and then do a nasty/violent home invasion/take-over, that would usually entail torture, rape, and murder. The people were too isolated to receive any help from neighbors, local/regional police/authorities/etc. They were just as doomed as though they were in the cities, only more so in some cases as the criminals operating in the cities seldom were able to spend hours in an apartment, torturing and raping, they would strike quick on the street, grab a purse, steal a car, and then flee, while in the countryside, with no neighbors, no police, nobody else to worry about, they spent hours on the farmsteads, taking their time to steal everything of value, torturing the residents if they felt they were was a hidden safe or that valuables were concealed somewhere, and raping any women they desired to rape.

The Argentine survivor declared that those who managed to avoid the bulk of the trouble due to the collapsed Argentine economy were those who lived in or fairly close to, close-knit small towns where residents looked out for each other and where the locals (be they basic residents or local authorities) knew who belonged in the town and who did not belong in the town. The people who were most vulnerable were the most isolated rural-dwelling individuals, with a close second being the urban dwellers. The typical American survivalist seems to believe that being in the middle of nowhere in Iowa or Kentucky will assure he is reasonably safe when the fact of the matter is that armed and organized gangs in South Africa routinely drive two to three hours from the cities (such as Johannesburg), into the countryside, to launch their farm invasions/attacks. The only true possibility of total isolation in the United States will be found in Alaska, so unless you are in Alaska you might consider that you’re better off with a nearby small town than you are being two hours away from even a small village of a few hundred people. One step you might take in the immediate future is to get to know your neighbors. A lot of survivalists seem to believe that their neighbors will just prey on them and try to take their supplies or leech off of their preparations and that may prove to be the case. However, it is almost guaranteed that if you have no rapport with your neighbors they probably won’t think twice about harming you. If you have a solid friendship built over multiple years you may be able to guide them into beginning their own preparations.

Preparations need to focus on our own immediate surroundings, our own communities, because when the trouble starts we will need our communities. One family alone can be weak, but a community (a collection of families) working together can be stronger than any single segment of the community trying to go it alone. It is very naïve and foolish for American survivalists to think that there will only be problems in the cities, that there will be a total collapse that will allow for open street-warfare, the wearing of tactical body armor, the daily carrying of rifles/shotguns (it may happen, it isn’t a bad thing to have those items), rather than simply a continuation of what we presently have… What we presently have is a move towards a society that is increasingly dangerous, on a daily basis, for the basic individual who going about his daily routine. People should be preparing to survive and avoid becoming a victim in a society that may soon resemble Brazil, South Africa, 1990s Russia, or late 1990s Argentina; that is to say, a society with a corrupt central government, decaying first world infrastructure, massive economic problems, and nightmarish levels of brutal crime against basic citizens/individuals.

The situation in South Africa proves that to live on a rural farm is not a guarantee of security. Just as in Argentina in the late 1990s, in South Africa the criminal gangs regularly travel 50-100 miles down the highway, get off in a farming/rural district, and attack an isolated farm in the most brutal manner possible. Obviously the Stuff hasn’t Hit The Fan but people are still dying in droves, even though there isn’t open street warfare and they aren’t able to employ all their neat battle rifles. That doesn’t mean they shouldn’t have those neat battle rifles because they may very well need them for open street fighting and in the meanwhile they are very useful for ranch/farm defense against criminal gangs.

However, it must be noted that in order to be able to openly wear tactical body armor and carry a rifle down the street, society has to pretty much fall to the point where there is no centralized authority and there are no local police, in order words, open warfare and street fighting become the norm. In a 1990s Argentine collapse or a present-day Brazil, unless you are a uniformed police officer, walking down the street in tactical body armor while carrying a rifle will most likely succeed in drawing gunfire from police or other internal security forces. Just because a tornado came through your town or a levee is breaking and flood waters are rising doesn’t mean you get to go to Wal-Mart loaded to bear as though you’re ready to head into Fallujah because all you will succeed in doing is attracting a massive amount of attention and flak from local law enforcement, National Guard, etc. However, there’s nothing to say you can’t wear a concealable vest and carry your pistol or AOW (depending on local/state law) wherever you go, while leaving your tactical vest and battle rifle for use when at home.

American survivalists who are serious about surviving the present situation in the United States, at least surviving until the Yugoslavian style street warfare begins (if it ever does- we should pray it does not) should place an emphasis on concealed carry, concealable body armor, martial arts training, home security systems, reaction drills for home invasions, defensive driving, personal defense in/around a vehicle, and above all, increasing their situational awareness skills. Again, to stress a point that can scarcely be overstated, get to know those who live around you and get on friendly terms with them so they are inclined to warn you if they see somebody following you, casing your property, etc. In South Africa much of the assistance the farmers receive comes from other farmers. When you know you cannot count on the police it helps to know you can count on at least some of your neighbors. Consider that you’re a lot more likely to wind up with American crime levels reaching those of South Africa or Brazil (and your having to live in an area with such crime levels) than you are to wind up in force-on-force battles in the streets of your county seat with gang-bangers from two towns over. Of course the latter is possible, just not particularly probable.

Not to mention, mowing down your neighbors over a can of tuna won’t solve the problems facing our society. Author and Yugoslavian War veteran Thomas Chittum and I have conducted a number of Internet talk radio programs and I stand what he and I discussed, we won’t solve America’s problems by killing our neighbors. It will be a very ugly day indeed when Americans turn on each other and rend the nation apart. The east-coast elites in DC and NYC would love nothing more than for the peasants in the interior of the country to grind themselves down killing each other, while they themselves remain safe on their New England estates or in their Manhattan penthouses, behind armies of hired guns. As the Argentinean survivor explained, in regards to regular commoners, those who made it safely through the 1990s with minimal difficulty, were those in small yet close-knit communities who had the support and trust of their neighbors. That point surfaces yet again, the support and trust of their neighbors. Now is the time to begin getting to know your neighbors and forming friendly ties with them, not the day after the hurricane or the day after the dirty bomb.

All of this talk about what to do when the UN arrives, how to handle the aliens landing, what to do when China invades, what to do when the cities collapse in total anarchy and the blood flows in the streets, it’s nice to think about in terms of, “even if that happens, I’m prepared!” or to chat about as a simple topic of conversation. But in terms of reality, it’s basically all pie in the sky. Most collapses in recent years have been along the lines of what happened in Zimbabwe, South Africa, late 1990s Argentina, mid-1990s Russia, etc. The countries like Yugoslavia and Rwanda have been the exception. Even in Yugoslavia, there wasn’t a total collapse of authority, there was a fragmenting of the nation along ethnic lines with each new territory having its own ethnic authorities and competing ethnic militias. Rwanda wasn’t a collapse of central authority; it was an abrogation of law and order in favor of government sanctioned genocide against one segment of the population.

If the government of the USA decides to pursue an active genocide against a portion of the population, if you’re in that portion of the population, you may be in some danger, it’s that simple. If the US fragments along ethnic/racial lines, you’d better hope the land you’re living on is included in the territory for your people, or you may be in some danger. Those situations are hard to plan for and the particulars of them are hard to anticipate until they begin to unfold. Anybody who wants to learn more about those situations should obtain a copy of Thomas Chittum’s book Civil War 2: The Coming Breakup of America. Hopefully the USA will be spared the sort of racial/ethnic violence that struck Rwanda and Yugoslavia, because it will absolutely gut the nation through and through. That sort of ethnically fueled violence could last for decades and leave the USA in the sort of situation Angola is presently in, a mostly ruined nation that is struggling to emerge from four decades of warfare.

But, even still, if America is going to breakup (it may, it may not, at this rate it possibly will at some point in the next several decades), it does no good to prepare for the breakup if in the meanwhile you become a crime statistic because you were unprepared to defend yourself from violent street crime. As I’ve tried to say, American survivalists should look at how daily life is in South Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, etc, and prepare accordingly for safely navigating their daily routine in such conditions, because those conditions are fast taking hold in large and ever increasing regions of this nation, likely as a prelude to dominating the greater part of the country as a whole. Having all of the supplies you can afford crammed in a bunker does nothing for you if you wind up stabbed to death in the parking lot of the office building where you work. Survivalists must extend their survivalist mentality and preparations to their daily lives, training for any situation where they may have to rapidly react to some unexpected danger that suddenly presents itself.

I see a lot of writing about what to do if your nation is invaded, what to do in the event of nuclear warfare… I’m sure Red Dawn makes a better movie than would “A Day in the Life of a Boer Farmer in South Africa” but daily survival as a farmer is more realistic for the survivalist situation. It’s more interesting to read about pie in the sky scenarios such as nuclear warfare, battalion level terrorist attacks against your county seat, etc, but it is much more realistic and practical to ponder on ways to survive, on a daily basis, in an increasingly dangerous America.

Along a similar theme, that being realistic and daily life preparations, I’ve noticed that a great deal of American survivalists seem to miss the mark in regards to physical fitness. In my own personal experience I have seen numerous instances of grossly obese people claiming to be survivalists or militia members. I am not talking about passing encounters but rather people I knew for several years. At no time during the several years that I knew them did I see them making any serious attempt to bring their weight down into a range proportionate with their height or at least something healthier than what it was. If somebody thinks stocking up on guns and food in anticipation of black helicopters arriving makes them a survivalist they will realize they are sorely mistaken. The importance of physical fitness cannot be overstated. If you cannot move and fight you will be combat ineffective and unable to defend yourself or your fellow team members. Now is the time to get any physical fitness issues squared away. Don’t anticipate losing weight only after the fast food joint has been taken out in a Chinese air raid and food in general has become increasingly scarce. Now is the time to make your body an asset rather than a liability. If you want to kill two birds with one stone then you should begin training some combat art such as boxing, wrestling, submission grappling, and actively sparring, you will see a rapid loss of any extra pounds in addition to a massive improvement in you overall physical condition, not to mention you will have useful skills that might just prevent you from being a crime statistic.

Speaking from personal experience of having trained several martial arts (each for multiple years), submission grappling, particularly Gracie Jiu-Jitsu is one of the most realistic systems of self-defense and it is immediately street applicable and it may very well save your life if you find yourself in a situation where you need to immediately defend yourself. Carrying a pistol is great, adn I recommend everybody carry who can legally do so. But note that criminals seldom wave pirate flags and announce their attacks from 200 yards away, thugs usually unleash their attack from a few yards away as they spring into action with little or no warning, necessitating some sort of grappling/wrestling skill to either deal with the situation by hand or create space/distance/time to draw and employ your weapon. Many police who are shot are shot with their own weapon, something that basic grappling/ground-fighting skills would likely have prevented from happening. As I’ve said, it doesn’t pay to have a bunker full of goodies and the best guns in the world if you get stabbed to death on the street two years before the bombs start falling.

If you have a fallout shelter, a BOB, a BOV, a retreat location, but you don’t carry concealed on a daily basis and you have zero knowledge of martial arts, then you’re missing the mark. If you’re prepared for a nuclear war or the fallout resulting from such a war, but you’re not prepared to deal with the knife-armed maniac at the corner store, or the two thugs who try to jump you at the ATM, or the gang member who tries to car-jack you at the red-light, you need to shift some of your energy/resources away from the pie in the sky Red Dawn stuff, to something more realistic and applicable on a daily basis… You need to focus on staying safe in an increasingly dangerous America. If you’re ready for a total collapse you need to make sure you are ready for the possibility of a partial collapse or some variation of a partial collapse. You might not be in a situation where you need to get out of Dodge and you may not be able to ride into dodge with your rifle and clean up the town, you may find yourself somewhere in-between. Make sure you remain focused on the possibility of the partial collapse. Be prepared to have to take increasing measures to stay safe in an increasingly dangerous nation.



Economics and Investing:

Here it comes, just as I predicted: Silver Investors Dump Futures as Comex Boosts Speculator Trading Costs 84%. But even if the COMEX governors kill the futures market, they won’t be able to destroy the physical silver market. The demand for physical silver is just too great. Expect lots of volatility with some huge price swings, in coming months. But in the long run, as the Western economies go into stagflation, physical silver will rightly be seen as a safe haven, gaining against the rapidly-inflating fiat currencies. (Or rather, I should say the currencies will be losing value, whilst silver holds its value.)

Kory recommended this: Silver Versus the Dow May 2011

John R. suggested some commentary from John Butler: It’s the End of the Dollar (As We Know It)

Also from John: Fiscal Spending – The Steroids of GDP

Michael M. sent this: More than 1 Billion People are Hungry in the World. Can revolutions and regional wars be far off? Here in America, we should beware: Displaced people from Central and conceivably even South America could walk here.

Hussman: This Market Is Setting Up Just Like Some Of The Worst Markets Of All Time. (Thanks to C.D.V. for the link.)

Items from The Economatrix:

Adjusted for Inflation, Dollar Hits Fiat-era Low

Brace for a Bout of Stagflation

Gas Spending and Prices By State

Oil Futures Close Near $114 a Barrel

Silver Has Biggest 3-Day Drop

Currency Crash Occurring In US



Odds ‘n Sods:

Reader Kevin B. sent this: Where to Live to Avoid a Natural Disaster. It also serves as another bit of confirmation for the American Redoubt plan.

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The Oathkeepers movement addresses individual and family preparedness: Operation Sleeping Giant. (A hat tip to DDM for the link.)

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Anxiety rises along the flood-swollen Mississippi

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Reader B.B. sent this from a Montana newspaper: Tester says U.S. agriculture policy, genetically modified crops hurt family farms

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J.L. suggested this: Blown away. The righteous volunteer spirit comes, in time of calamity.





Pat’s Product Reviews: Okuden Knives – Ammo Daddy, Alpha Pattern

I’ve been writing about knives for more than 18 years. However, I’ve only been to one knife show in all those years. I attended the Blade Show-West, at the invitation of a large knife company here in Oregon. I’ve been to a lot of gun shows, where there were custom knife makers displaying their wares, but I never attended an actual knife show, until about a year and a half ago.   To be honest, I was a little disappointed in the knife show – there were less than 100 tables there, and my oldest daughter and myself, were done looking at knives in short order. However, there was one custom knife maker who’s wares caught my attention. I like fancy, artsy-type knives, just like many folks do. However, when it comes down to it, I’m more of a meat and potatoes type of guy – I like working knives!   Brian Wagner, hails from Puyallup, Washington, and operates under the banner of Okuden Knives. Brian is a one man operation – he does it all himself, including making his own Kydex sheaths, with a quick detachable belt clip, that will fit on military belts or MOLLE gear. How many times I wished I had some kind of quick on/off sheath for my knife – I’ve lost count!   Wagner’s table caught my attention for the simple fact, that the knives he was displaying, were working knives – nothing fancy at all. If you’re in the military or into survival, then you want a no nonsense knife strapped on your side. I spoke to Brian for a while, along with his lovely wife, and told Brian who I was – at the time – the West Coast Field Editor for Knives Illustrated magazine, and that I’d like a couple samples of his knives for test and evaluation and a possible article.

In short order, several knives arrived at my home, and the one I really fell in love with was the Okuden Knives “Ammo Daddy,” Alpha Pattern. This is a fixed blade combat knife, make no mistake about it. Of course, it could also be used as a field knife for a hunter, however, I believe the main purpose of the Ammo Daddy is as a fighting knife.   We have a 5-3/4″ blade made out of A-2 tool steel – super tough stuff, and it holds an edge a good long time, and it’s actually easy to re-sharpen. Only thing is, tool steel rusts easily – and living on the wet side of Oregon – we have a lot of rain, and things rust – even when you take care of ’em – guns and knives included. Brian puts a heavy coat of Kal-Guard on his blades, if you want it. The sample I received has an OD green colored blade, full-tang. We’re talking a super, super strong rust-resistant finish.. The overall length of the knife is about 11″- and there is plenty of handle to hold onto – something I demand in a knife like this. Some custom knife makers short-change people with handles that I don’t think are long enough.  

The blade itself is a bit of a drop point in design, but realistically, it has it’s own design. I like the upswept portion on the top rear of the blade, for a good thumb placement in the fencing position, and there are friction grooves on the upswept portion of the top of the blade. Check out the Okuden Knives web site for photos, so you’ll know what I’m talking about. The handle material is called “Tero Tough” and is made in Oregon. It looks a lot like G-10 material and it’s just as strong if you ask me. There is a pattern in the Tero Tough handle scales, which allows the meat of your hand to sink in – for a secure grip under all sorts of weather conditions.   The handle scales are secured by three Torx head screws – a lot of knife makers would only use two screws – and that’s a mistake on a large fixed blade knife. The handle design itself has finger grooves, which I normally don’t like – I want to place my fingers – well, where I want to place ’em. However, on the “Ammo Daddy” the finger grooves are just placed perfectly. There is also an extended pommel that has a lanyard hole, for attaching a 550 paracord lanyard. Lastly, my sample “Ammo Daddy” was heat-treated by the legendary Paul Bos – who knew what he was doing. The heat-treatment process is still carried on – but Paul has now retired. I’m not sure who’s doing it for Okuden at this point, but rest assured, the heat treatment is being done “right.”  

I knew from the onset that this sample wouldn’t be going back to Brian Wagner. It sits on my desk as I’m writing this review – and it stays in one of the cubby holes on my desk, should I need it in a hurry. If you’re in the market for a custom made fighting knife, then take a look at the Okuden Knives “Ammo Daddy” or one of the other knives Wagner produces. Full retail price for the “Ammo Daddy” is $350 and that includes first-class shipping and insurance. That’s a good deal for a custom fighting knife of this quality.  



Two Letter Re: The SKS for Tight Budget Shooters

Mr. Rawles,  
Once again thank you for your work on SurvivalBlog, may God richly bless you. I read Pat’s review of the AK-47 and at the end the SKS was mentioned. I thought I would just add my 2 cents worth on the SKS.  I have had several people come to me who are on a very tight budget and cannot afford an AR, FN SCAR, or any of the other pricey weapons available.  If you are on a tight budget, I highly recommend the SKS.   I have several SKSes and AK-47s, along with the FN-FAL, CETME, and a couple of Colt AR-1s5.  I had talked with several guys about the SKS and decided it was worth a look, so I bought one.  I bought my first Yugoslavian-made SKS back in the 1990s. The total price was just under $200.  I bought 1,000 rounds and headed to the range.  I was presently surprised.  The gun is heavier than the AK-47 which eliminates almost all the recoil.  My son and I burned through all that ammo and we were more tired from holding the gun then from recoil fatigue. The next day I went back and bought another SKS, and so did my son.  

Next we changed to the Tapco SKS T6 Collapsible Stock and bought the Tapco 30 round magazines.  This is a nice piece of furniture for this weapon.  As you know, putting a lot of rounds threw this gun really heats up the forearm, the synthetic stock does an excellent job of protecting your hand from the heat.  And it helped lighten the gun several ounces.  We have tried several other brands of magazines, none have worked as well as the Tapco I highly recommend them.  The stock can be had for about $70 to $80 and the magazines run from $16 to $20 apiece.  All of our SKSes have been converted to magazines. but don’t expect to change these magazines as rapidly as an AK or AR.  The protruding “nose” on the magazine slows this down.  I don’t recommend the adapted metal magazines because you have to pull the release to get the magazines in.  The Tapco’s come with a tapered catch on the magazine so you can pop it in with one hand.  

My son, wife, and I have done a lot of shooting with our SKSes.  All three of us can consistently keep all of our rounds in a 6″ to 8″ circle, standing at a hundred yards controlled rapid fire.  Prone in a resting position we can tighten that circle to 4″ easily, taking time we can tighten to a pretty consistent 3″ (1 our of 5 inside 3″).  We have a little better success with the Wolf black box ammo verses a host of others we have tried.  But I don’t turn my nose up at any of it as long as it is non-corrosive.  When I first bought these I was getting ammo at about $125 per thousand rounds shipped and at the gun shows for under a $100 per thousand rounds.  A couple of years ago the price moved above $300 but is now back down to about $200.  I don’t know how long this will last though with inflation.   Compared to the AK-47 WASR the SKS is, in my experience, a little more accurate at longer range.  It has less felt recoil, but that is because it is heavier, and with the Tapco stock it is longer than an AK, as well.  We seldom have a malfunction and that is usually because we have put 600 or more rounds [of noncorrosive ammo] through them without cleaning them.  

Compared to the AR-15, it is certainly less accurate.  I think the AR is more comfortable to shoot because it is lighter and .223s have very little recoil. And AR-15s are very accurate at longer ranges.  My wife would rather shoot the AR and would rather carry it.  When you put six loaded 30 round magazines of .223 in her web gear versus the same in 7.62×39 and she wants the AR back, now.  My son and I are large guys, we do feel the weight difference but it is not that bad.  

Compared to the FAL and CETME, well there is a difference in accuracy especially when you get beyond a 100 yards.  There is very little weight difference and lengths are about the same.  However when you strap on ten 30 round magazines of 7.62×51 (.308) verses 7.62×39 there is a difference in weight which really surprised me.  But the SKS magazines have one big disadvantage, if you are loading up a combat vest and that is the nose on the SKS magazines.  My son and I took an old vest and adapted it for the nose on the magazine which makes it workable.  However with all those noses sticking out and crawling on your belly they have a tendency to get caught on everything.  Plus they pick up dirt which you then shove into the gun.   If you are on a budget the SKS is simply hard to beat.  If I were dropped into a TEOTWAWKI situation with only my SKS I would have confidence in the weapon to get the job done.  The price is going up on them but I still find good used SKSes for under $300.  The ammo is still less expensive than .223 or .308 and if you are buying mil spec, the ammo has a very long shelf life.  I would recommend converting it to magazines and only buying magazines with the tapered catch.  The Tapco stock is a very nice addition but is not required to make this a battle worthy carbine. – CDP

 

Sir,
I believe the single greatest improvement to either an AK or an SKS is a quality rear sight.  There are several replacement peep sights that replace the standard rear sight for both rifles, but the best solution I’ve found is the M16 style rear aperture mounted at the back of the receiver, which nearly doubles the sight radius.  Tech-Sights are the perfect solution at a reasonable price.  They are an instant accuracy improver.  I’m an Appleseed instructor, and I’ve shot Rifleman scores at Appleseed shoots with  Tech-Sight equipped SKS and AK rifles, something I’ve yet to see anyone do with standard sight equipped rifles.  Standard disclaimer:  I have no pecuniary interest in Tech-Sights. – MSgt R.



Letter Re: Better Performance for 7.62x39mm Ammunition

James Wesley:
After personal experience testing and reviewing the tests results as reported by many parties, both layman and professionals that included photos of terminal performance on game animals and ballistic gelatin, if one uses the 8M3 bullet as found on the original 7.62×39 Sapsan, now offered on the Wolf Military Classic HP, one would have ammunition that reliably fragments after 3 inches in gelatin and penetrates 18″ much like soft point ammunition with in 100 yards, and becomes more like soft point ammunition and mushrooms after 100 yards.  The Sapsan and 8M3 bullet is discussed and recommended by an issue of Guns and Ammo dedicated the AK-47 in a comparison using Lapua and Winchester SP ammunition.  I personally have all the Sapsan I need, but if I were to purchase the Wolf Military Classic HP with the intent of using the 8M3 bullet, one can confirm that the ammunition will perform as expected by shooting at three 1 gallon milk jugs and collecting the fragments and remaining slug.  This ammunition will easily penetrate a modern vehicle and provide the 5-6″ group typical of the AK-47. I would much rather be hit with either 7.62 x 39 or 5.56 FMJ ammunition than the 8M3 bullet discussed. Photos of 200 to 250 pound game animals shot with the 8M3 are gruesome.  

Another little known 7.62 x 39 ball and FMJ ammunition that has good terminal ballistics is the Yugo M67 ammunition.  It is has the hollow tip and is the famed ‘poison’ bullet.  This comes in an annealed brass case and produces 1/2 to 1″ tighter groups at 100 yards than most AK ammo, and is what I would consider real AK-47 ammo, and all for only 17 cents per round. However, it is corrosively primed. Thankfully the AK-47 is made to handle such ammunition and is easily cleaned.  [Repeated cleaning for two or three days after shooting corrosive ammo is a must.] An acquaintance used this ammunition during deer season and was understandably unhappy when a Yugo M67 bullet destroyed the meat of both shoulders of a deer. – Eric, Somewhere in Montana  

JWR Adds: Readers should beware that some of the ammunition that comes out of the former Soviet Bloc is corrosively primed. Unlike U.S. military small arms ammunition, which was transitioned to noncorrosive priming in the 1950s, corrosive primers are still made and used in Eastern Europe. Even some very recent production ammo–including some 5.45x39mm–in commercial packaging has corrosive primers! Do your due diligence before you buy!



Letter Re: Preventing Raised Garden Beds from Drying Out

Mr. Rawles:
The biggest drawback of raised planting beds is their greater need for water.  Water leaks out and evaporates from the sides of the planting beds, as well as normal bottom drainage.  If water is scarce, or you have to supply it manually, this drawback can become serious.

Simple solution:  when constructing the raised planting bed, place a plastic liner along the inner walls all around, sealing it with sturdy plastic tape.  Do not put the plastic on the bottom of the raised bed, or you will have a mud bathtub with no drainage at all.  This will keep all the moisture inside the bed, preventing leakage and evaporation from the side walls.

If you want the plastic to last forever, you can buy polycarbonate plastic, which can take hundreds of pounds of pressure.  GrowersSupply.com carries it.

Also, a suggestion for an easy way to make permanent raised beds that don’t rot, and don’t suffer from frost heave problems.  Make them out of those decorative concrete “rocks” that are carried by most garden supply places.  These are normally used on slopes for terracing, and along patios for flower beds.  They can be made to any height, and all you have to do is lay them on top of each other.  The inside of the walls can then be lined with plastic.

The walls are meant to look a little rough and irregular.  There is no mortar, so there is no cracking from frost or settling.  They come in a variety of colors and styles, and can easily be formed into any shape you want, unlike wood, which is mostly limited to squares and rectangles.  If you want to change the shape or size, just move the blocks.  No carpentry, no concrete mixing.

If you want extra free water, set the blocks so that they tilt slightly inward, toward the bed.  Rain falling on the top blocks will flow into the bed, adding extra moisture.

This can be important for OPSEC, as it is easy to arrange the beds in typical landscaping style curves, scatter in some flowers, and make you veggies disappear.  Well, maybe not the tomatoes. – Mary M.